摘要:通过lua-nginx-module中的ngx.thread同时执行多个任务。
ngx_lua中访问多个第三方服务
ngx_lua中提供了ngx.socket API,可以方便的访问第三方网络服务。如下面的代码,通过get_response函数从两个(或者更多)的源服务器获取数据,再生成响应发给客户端。
location / { content_by_lua_block { local get_response(host, port) local sock = ngx.socket.tcp() local ok, err = sock:connect(host, port) if not ok then return nil, err end local data, err = sock:receive() if not data then return nil, err end return data end local first = get_response("lua.org", 8080) local second = get_response("nginx.org", 8080) ngx.say(first .. second) }}
如果需要10个第三方网络服务,需要调用get_response 10次。总的响应时间与需要连接源的数量成正比。那么如何缩短源的响应时间呢?ngx.thread就是用来解决这种问题的。
二、lua-nginx-module提供了三个API
1、ngx.thread.spawn
2、ngx.thread.wait
3、ngx.thread.kill
三、详解
1、ngx.thread.spawn
重点:ngx.thread.spawn生成新的"light thread",这个"light thread"运行优先级比它的父协程高,会优先运行,父协程被迫暂停。"light thread"运行结束或者yield后,再由ngx_http_lua_run_posted_threads去运行父协程。
通过ngx.thread.spawn可以生成一个"light thread",一个”light thread“和Lua的协程类似,区别在于"light thread"是由ngx_lua模块进行调度的,多个"light thread"同时运行。
"light thread",协程 和 进程。"light thread"比Lua中的协程更像操作系统中的进程。
- fork生成新的进程,生成的多个进程可以同时运行,而ngx.thread.spawn生成新的协程,多个协程同时在跑。
- kill可以杀死不需要的子进程,ngx.thread.kill可以杀死不需要的"light thread"
- wait可以等待子进程结束并取得子进程退出状态,ngx.thread.wait可以等待"light thread"结束并获取其返回值。
ngx.thread的使用,用ngx.thread重写上面的代码
location / { content_by_lua_block { local get_response(host, port) local sock = ngx.socket.tcp() local ok, err = sock:connect(host, port) if not ok then return nil, err end local data, err = sock:receive() if not data then return nil, err end return data end local t1 = ngx.thread.spawn(get_response, "lua.org", 8080) local t2 = ngx.thread.spawn(get_response, "nginx.org", 8080) local ok, res1, res2 = ngx.thread.wait(t1, t2) ngx.say(res1 .. res2) }}
生成的两个"light thread"可以同时运行,总的耗时只相当于访问一个源服务器的时间,即使需要访问的源服务器增加,耗时没有太大的变化。
"light thread"的调度
Linux中的fork生成新的子进程,父进程与子进程谁先运行呢?都有可能,和系统的调度有关。
把调用ngx.thread.spawn的这个Lua协程称为父协程,生成的"light thread"和父协程谁先运行呢? 在ngx_lua的调度逻辑中,是生成的"light thread"先运行,运行结束或者被挂起后,父协程才会继续运行。实际的代码在ngx_http_lua_run_thread函数中,这个函数比较复杂,涉及的东西太多,稍后再细说。
如下面的代码,没有调用ngx.thread.wait去等待"light thread"的结束。
# [1] 没有调用ngx.thread.wait去等待"light thread"的结束location /thread002 { content_by_lua_block { local function f(name) ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "thread name: ", name, ", now start") ngx.sleep(4) ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "thread name: ", name, ", now end") end local t1 = ngx.thread.spawn(f, "first") local t2 = ngx.thread.spawn(f, "second") ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "main thread end") }}
由Nginx的日志中可以看到当前的请求一直延迟到t1,t2两个"light thread"最后退出才会结束。 Nginx中日志的顺序也可以看出父协程和两个"light thread"的执行那个顺序。
2017/07/21 09:45:07 [error] 115387#0: *26 [lua] content_by_lua(thread.conf:140):3: thread name: first, now start, client: 127.0.0.1, server: 127.0.0.1, request: "GET /thread002 HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:8689"2017/07/21 09:45:07 [error] 115387#0: *26 [lua] content_by_lua(thread.conf:140):3: thread name: second, now start, client: 127.0.0.1, server: 127.0.0.1, request: "GET /thread002 HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:8689"2017/07/21 09:45:07 [error] 115387#0: *26 [lua] content_by_lua(thread.conf:140):10: main thread end, client: 127.0.0.1, server: 127.0.0.1, request: "GET /thread002 HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:8689"2017/07/21 09:45:11 [error] 115387#0: *26 [lua] content_by_lua(thread.conf:140):5: thread name: first, now end, client: 127.0.0.1, server: 127.0.0.1, request: "GET /thread002 HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:8689"2017/07/21 09:45:11 [error] 115387#0: *26 [lua] content_by_lua(thread.conf:140):5: thread name: second, now end, client: 127.0.0.1, server: 127.0.0.1, request: "GET /thread002 HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:8689"
而如果代码中主动调用了ngx.exit()结束请求,那么t1,t2两个没有打印出完全的信息就被kill掉了。
# [2] 代码中主动调用了ngx.exit()结束请求,那么t1,t2两个没有打印出完全的信息就被kill掉了location /thread003 { content_by_lua_block { local function f(name) ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "thread name: ", name, ", now start") ngx.sleep(4) ngx.log(ngx.ERR, "thread name: ", name, ", now end") end local t1 = ngx.thread.spawn(f, "first") local t2 = ngx.thread.spawn(f, "second") ngx.exit(200) }}
相应的Nginx日志
2017/07/21 09:48:08 [error] 115508#0: *28 [lua] content_by_lua(thread.conf:156):3: thread name: first, now start, client: 127.0.0.1, server: 127.0.0.1, request: "GET /thread003 HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:8689"2017/07/21 09:48:08 [error] 115508#0: *28 [lua] content_by_lua(thread.conf:156):3: thread name: second, now start, client: 127.0.0.1, server: 127.0.0.1, request: "GET /thread003 HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:8689"2017/07/21 09:48:08 [error] 115508#0: *28 [lua] content_by_lua(thread.conf:156):10: main thread end, client: 127.0.0.1, server: 127.0.0.1, request: "GET /thread003 HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:8689"
"light thread"的限制
"light thread"毕竟是基于依附于请求的,如在content_by_lua中创建的"light thread",是完全与当前的请求关联的,如果"light thread"没有退出,当前请求也无法结束。同样如果当前请求因为错误退出,或调用ngx.exit强制退出时,处于运行状态的"light thread"也会被kill掉。不像操作系统的进程,父进程退出后,子进程可以被init进程"收养"。
错误代码:
2017/07/21 09:14:10 [error] 114598#0: *1 failed to load inlined Lua code: content_by_lua(thread.conf:128):2: ')' expected near ',', client: 127.0.0.1, server: 127.0.0.1, request: "GET /thread001 HTTP/1.1", host: "127.0.0.1:8689"